Craig Ventors First Cell

Cr Craig Ventor first self-recreating, manufactured bacterial cell ROCKVILLE, MD and San Diego, CA (May 20, 2010)†Researchers at the J. Craig Venter Institute (JCVI), a not-for-benefit genomic research association, distributed outcomes today depicting the effective development of the principal self-duplicating, engineered bacterial cell. The group orchestrated the 1. 08 million base pair chromosome of an adjusted Mycoplasma mycoides genome. The manufactured cell is called Mycoplasma mycoides JCVI-syn1. also, is the evidence of rule that genomes can be structured in the PC, artificially made in the research center and transplanted into a beneficiary cell to deliver another self-reproducing cell controlled distinctly by the manufactured genome. This examination will be distributed by Daniel Gibson et al in the May twentieth version of Science Express and will show up in an up and coming print issue of Science. â€Å"For about 15 years Ham Smith, Clyde Hutchison and the remainder of our group have been progressing in the direction of this distribution todayâ€the fruitful culmination of our work to develop a bacterial cell that is completely constrained by a manufactured genome,† said J.Craig Venter, Ph. D. , organizer and president, JCVI and senior creator on the paper. â€Å"We have been devoured by this exploration, yet we have additionally been similarly centered around tending to the cultural ramifications of what we accept will be one of the most remarkable advancements and modern drivers for cultural great. We anticipate proceeded with survey and discourse about the significant uses of this work to guarantee that it is utilized to serve all. † According to Dr.Smith, â€Å"With this first manufactured bacterial cell and the new devices and advances we created to effectively finish this undertaking, we presently have the way to dismember the hereditary guidance set of a bacterial cell to see and see how it truly functions. † To fin ish this last stage in the almost multi year procedure to build and boot up a manufactured cell, JCVI researchers started with the precise, digitized genome of the bacterium, M. mycoides. The group planned 1,078 explicit tapes of DNA that were 1,080 base matches long. These tapes were planned with the goal that the closures of every DNA tape covered every one of its neighbors by 80bp.The tapes were made by JCVI’s determinations by the DNA blend organization, Blue Heron Biotechnology. The JCVI group utilized a three phase process utilizing their recently depicted yeast gathering framework to assemble the genome utilizing the 1,078 tapes. The main stage included taking 10 tapes of DNA at once to fabricate 110, 10,000 bp fragments. In the subsequent stage, these 10,000 bp fragments are set aside 10 at an effort to create eleven, 100,000 bp sections. In the last advance, every one of the 11, 100 kb fragments were gathered into the total engineered genome in yeast cells and develo ped as a yeast fake chromosome.The complete manufactured M. mycoides genome was separated from the yeast cell and transplanted into Mycoplasma capricolum beneficiary cells that have had the qualities for its limitation compound evacuated. The manufactured genome DNA was deciphered into delivery person RNA, which thusly was converted into new proteins. The M. capricolum genome was either crushed by M. mycoides limitation catalysts or was lost during cell replication. Following two days reasonable M. mycoides cells, which contained just manufactured DNA, were unmistakably noticeable on petri dishes containing bacterial development medium.The starting combination of the engineered genome didn't bring about any reasonable cells so the JCVI group built up a mistake revision strategy to test that every tape they built was organically practical. They did this by utilizing a blend of 100 kb characteristic and engineered portions of DNA to create semi-manufactured genomes. This methodology c onsidered the testing of every engineered portion in blend with 10 normal fragments for their ability to be transplanted and structure new cells. Ten out of 11 manufactured parts brought about practical cells; subsequently the group limited the issue down to a solitary 100 kb cassette.DNA sequencing uncovered that a solitary base pair cancellation in a basic quality was liable for the ineffective transplants. When this one base pair mistake was revised, the primary practical engineered cell was delivered. Dr. Gibson expressed, â€Å"To produce a manufactured cell, our gathering needed to figure out how to arrangement, orchestrate, and transplant genomes. Numerous obstacles must be survived, yet we are presently ready to join these means to deliver manufactured cells in the research facility. † He included, â€Å"We would now be able to start chipping away at our definitive goal of orchestrating an insignificant cell containing just the qualities important to support life in its least complex form.This will assist us with bettering see how cells work. † This distribution speaks to the development of the biggest manufactured particle of a characterized structure; the genome is practically twofold the size of the past Mycoplasma genitalium combination. With this effective confirmation of standard, the gathering will currently take a shot at making an insignificant genome, which has been an objective since 1995. They will do this by shaving ceaselessly at the manufactured genome and rehashing transplantation tests until any longer qualities can't be disturbed and the genome is as little as could be expected under the circumstances. This negligible cell will be a stage for breaking down the capacity of each fundamental quality in a cell.According to Dr. Hutchison, â€Å"To me the most surprising thing about our manufactured cell is that its genome was planned in the PC and enlivened through synthetic blend, without utilizing any bits of characteristi c DNA. This included creating numerous new and valuable techniques en route. We have amassed a stunning gathering of researchers that have made this conceivable. † As in the team’s 2008 distribution in which they depicted the fruitful amalgamation of the M. genitalium genome, they structured and embedded into the genome what they called watermarks.These are explicitly planned sections of DNA that utilization the â€Å"alphabet† of qualities and proteins that empower the analyst to explain words and expressions. The watermarks are a basic way to demonstrate that the genome is engineered and not local, and to distinguish the research facility of cause. Encoded in the watermarks is another DNA code for composing words, sentences and numbers. Notwithstanding the new code there is a web address to send messages to in the event that you can effectively decipher the new code, the names of 46 creators and other key supporters and three citations: â€Å"TO LIVE, TO ERR, TO FALL, TO TRIUMPH, TO RECREATE LIFE OUT OFLIFE. † †JAMES JOYCE; â€Å"SEE THINGS NOT AS THEY ARE, BUT AS THEY MIGHT BE. †-A statement from the book, â€Å"American Prometheus†; â€Å"WHAT I CANNOT BUILD, I CANNOT UNDERSTAND. † †RICHARD FEYNMAN. The JCVI researchers imagine that the information picked up by developing this first self-repeating manufactured cell, combined with diminishing expenses for DNA union, will offer ascent to more extensive utilization of this amazing innovation. This will without a doubt lead to the improvement of numerous significant applications and items including biofuels, antibodies, pharmaceuticals, clean water and food products.The bunch keeps on driving and bolster moral conversation and survey to guarantee a positive result for society. Financing for this exploration originated from Synthetic Genomics Inc. , an organization helped to establish by Drs. Venter and Smith. Foundation The exploration distributed today was made conceivable by past discoveries at JCVI. In 2007 the group distributed outcomes from the transplantation of the local M. mycoides genome into the M. capricolum cell which brought about the M. capricolum cell being changed into M. mycoides. This work built up the thought that DNA is the product of life and that DNA directs the cell phenotype.In 2008 a similar group covered the development of the primary manufactured bacterial genome by amassing DNA parts produced using the four synthetics of lifeâ€ACGT. The last get together of DNA pieces into the entire genome was acted in yeast by utilizing the yeast hereditary frameworks. In any case, when the group endeavored to transplant the manufactured bacterial genome out of yeast and into a beneficiary bacterial cell, practical transplants couldn't be recuperated. Moral Considerations: Since the start of the mission to comprehend and construct an engineered genome, Dr.Venter and his group have been worried about the cultural is sues encompassing the work. In 1995 while the group was doing the examination on the negligible genome, the work experienced noteworthy moral audit by a board of specialists at the University of Pennsylvania (Cho et al, Science December 1999:Vol. 286. no. 5447, pp. 2087 †2090). The bioethical gathering's free thoughts, distributed simultaneously as the logical negligible genome research, brought about a consistent choice that there were no solid moral reasons why the work ought not proceed as long as the researchers included kept on connecting with open conversation. Dr.Venter and the group at JCVI keep on working with bioethicists, outside arrangement gatherings, authoritative individuals and staff, and the general population to energize conversation and comprehension about the cultural ramifications of their work and the field of engineered genomics for the most part. In that capacity, the JCVI’s strategy group, alongside the Center for Strategic and International Stud ies (CSIS), and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), were supported by an award from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation for a 20-month study that investigated the dangers and advantages of this rising innovation, as well as could be expected protections to forestall misuse, including bioterrorism.After a few workshops and open meetings the gathering distributed a report in October 2007 illustrating choices for the field and its specialists. Most as of late in December of 2008, JCVI got financing from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation to analyze ethic

Are you stuck in a rut Choose your adventure!

Are you trapped in an endless cycle Choose your experience! Do you ever feel like life is a mind blowing experience and completely the sky is the limit? I had seven days like that. I saw it especially on Friday when I went for my ordinary swim and had so much vitality I swam an additional quarter mile past my normal daily practice, at that point pursued the swim with 30 push-ups. The whole time I felt stimulated and fit for achieving anything I set my focus on. Mental demeanor is the greatest factor in creating results. I was helped to remember this reality last Thursday night, when, at the Wild Scenic Film Festival, I viewed a video around three climbers who scaled Yosemite’s notorious El Capitan. What made this trip especially amazing is that the entirety of the climbers were impaired. One had been brought into the world with only one arm (a â€Å"minor inconvenience† as indicated by him); the two others had lost a leg every, one because of a climbing fall and the third from bone malignant growth. Said one of the men: â€Å"The right demeanor and one arm will beat an inappropriate mentality and two arms, each time.† On the off chance that you have any questions, watch this rousing film: Brain you, I am not anticipating scaling any pinnacles even with every one of my appendages not in this lifetime. Be that as it may, the feeling of energy that prods these climbers is open to us all at each second. For me, it began with a task I was given during a workshop with the Wright Institute in Chicago. Before the workshop, I was stuck. Every day errands were feeling like a pound and I imagined that perhaps I expected to go out of the nation for some time to break my everyday practice. At that point came the schoolwork for the principal night of the workshop: to make an undertaking! The experience begins†¦ It was at that point 12 PM and class was firing up again at 8am the following morning. What experience precisely was conceivable in that short a time span? I discovered the following morning. I woke up before my alert sounded with cramps, in an unfilled house that has a place with my cousin Zack. I pondered internally, â€Å"I could lie here attempting to rest or I could get up and have an adventure!† I chose to get up. When I entered the shower I recollected that Zack had referenced a major bath with whirlpool streams some place in his home. I don’t ordinarily clean up, however this time I chose to interfere with my customary example. I escaped the shower and started scanning for the whirlpool, towel folded over me, leaving a path of wet impressions. In the cellar, I found a bath †¦ loaded with cleaning supplies. The hunt proceeded, and I at long last found the whirlpool, which I topped off †¦ yet I couldnt make sense of how to turn on these mythical planes. I got into the tub in any case, however thought, â€Å"Hey Im on an experience! This won’t do!† So I escaped the tub, took a gander at all the switches on the dividers, lastly made sense of it. Back in the tub, I saw a line of tea light candles at the edge of the shower. Be that as it may, no matches. My hold back: â€Å"Im on an adventure!† So I escaped the tub, looking wherever until I discovered matches. I would do this thing the correct way! Following a couple of moments the planes killed and abruptly I was loose and drifting in an independent heaven, being held delicately by warm water, encompassed by shining candlelight. I was so happy I had picked this experience, instead of dozing one more hour or setting off to my default of â€Å"I don’t take baths.† Unforeseen fortunes, phenomenal energy†¦ At the point when I went to hang up my towel, for reasons unknown I chose to look behind the entryway as opposed to hang the towel where I had put it previously. I discovered two lovely dragonfly snares which I hadn’t saw previously. Who realizes what can appear out of a feeling of experience? Who knows what else I had been missing? My experiences proceeded in the days following the workshop. Out of a discussion with a companion that felt somewhat unnerving from the outset, I startlingly headed to Minneapolis and remained two days, all since I chose to face a few challenges and not let anything stop me. Today, seven days after the finish of that workshop, my vitality is still high and I can’t hold on to find what’s next. So you should? Is it true that you are experiencing an undertaking at each second or would you say you are trapped in a hopeless cycle? It is safe to say that you are letting anything prevent you from making an energizing and invigorated life? Regardless of whether your test is remaining peppy while confronting joblessness, making satisfaction inside your present conditions, or scaling a stone face-it’s all in your mood. The correct mentality, second by second, implies you can have an amazing experience directly in your own lawn.

Passivity A Way Of Life Essays - Indian Films, Rukmani Devi, Karma

Lack of involvement: A Way Of Life Lack of involvement: A Way of Life. The life of the primary character Rukmani was loaded up with hardships. Cheerful occasions were an irregularity, and regular daily existence was loaded with work from dawn to nightfall. However notwithstanding all the work, her family was in absolute neediness. In any case Rukmani was consistently hopeful, furthermore, acknowledged her life the manner in which it was. Kenny, then again, never got why they acknowledge their neediness and consistently attempted to get them to ascend. It is Indian belief system and the faith in karma with resurrection that drove Rukmani and numerous other Indian individuals to an inactive life. This detachment is seen all through the book. Anyway particularly in the couple of cases after serious fiascos and emergencies along these lines of life sticks out. From the outset, Rukmani couldnt have kids after her first little girl. Kenny relieved her, and afterward she bore five children. Thereafter, she met Kenny and gladly said You are my benefactorhave I not five children to demonstrate it?(p. 36) Kenny replied, Am I to fault for your abundances? This was a half-snide comment. Be that as it may, just half mocking. Alright, you need children to work in the field, two children can oversee if Nathan oversaw alone. You can scarcely accommodate a couple of individuals, however the family comprises of eight. However everything is okay. Another case is the point at which the horrendous tempest hit the town and devastated the rice paddy. At the point when the tempest completed, Rukmani recently said that it will develop back thus did Nathan. At the hour of the awful dry spell the yield was annihilated, and significantly in the wake of giving a break of paying a large portion of the lease, selling garments, and a couple of different things they didnt have enough cash to pay the half, Nathan needed to sell the seed and a ton of other stuff. Rukmani begged him Let us just attempt, Let us save our expectation for the following harvest.(p. 80) Again there is the confidence. At last, she even affirms this lack of involvement herself. When Kenny demonstrated her the designs for the medical clinic, and the began to discuss the expenses, Rukmani couldnt comprehend why individuals gave such a lot of cash to help. Kenny stated, Because they have implies, do no the wiped out kick the bucket in the lanes on the grounds that there is no emergency clinic for them? Are not your youngsters conceived in canals? And so on. You should shout out on the off chance that you need assistance. Rukmani then idea, Well, and imagine a scenario in which we surrendered to our difficulties at each progression. We would be pitiable animals in fact to be so frail, for isn't a keeps an eye on soul given to him to transcend his misfortunes?(p. 115) And this is the quintessence of the contention introduced previously. They accept that their life is the best approach to satisfy the karma given to them. So Rukmani would satisfy her poor life as a spouse of a rancher. And afterward, in t he event that she finishes her karma, possibly she would be resurrected into a being with a superior life. And furthermore all the hardships might be disciplines for terrible deeds in the past life. This is accurately why Rukmani is generally so hopeful and leads her life inactively through all the difficult situations. This lack of involvement originates from the conviction. Perhaps it is a superior lifestyle, the lack of involvement worked for Gandhis freedom development. In addition, Rukmani did endure, and discloses to us this story as an elderly person, most likely trusting that she satisfied her karma. Book Reports

Digital Divide Essay

The term advanced separation developed in the mid-1990’s to portray the hole that exists between people who approach innovation and those that don't approach (Eamon, 2004). PC innovation has changed present day society in significant manners (Behrman and Shields, 2000). Regular society opens residents to innovation in some structure. Residents coordinate innovation into normal errands, for example, marking into work, taking care of tabs, shopping, making good on charges, and in any event, perusing the neighborhood paper (Behrman and Shields, 2000). The expanding incorporation of innovation into society cause educational systems to be increasingly unflinching about remembering innovation for each homeroom. School pioneers for the most part concur that entrance to innovation gets ready understudies to prevail in the 21st century (Bell, Judge, and Puckett, 2006). Different specialists call attention to that expanding access to innovation in the study hall condition doesn't guarantee scholastic improvement. These specialists call attention to that there are cutoff points to the favorable circumstances that innovation offers. A meta-investigation by Crismann, Badgert and Lucking (1997) including 27 examinations concerning scholastic accomplishment of understudies who got conventional study hall guidance or customary study hall guidance with innovation incorporation demonstrated intriguing outcomes. By and large, understudies accepting innovation implanted guidance accomplished higher scholastic accomplishment than 58. 2 percent of those in conventional study halls (Page, 2002). The advanced gap tends to cultural contrasts that relate to the instructive results of understudies. Such contrasts raised worries about the development of the advanced gap between the youngsters on one side who are profiting by innovation and the kids on the opposite side who the absence of innovation get to deserts (Becker, 2000). Key Terms and Definitions 1. Application †PC programming; likewise called a program 2. Broadband †a kind of information transmission where a solitary wire can convey a few channels on the double. Broadband innovation can transmit information, sound, and video at the same time over significant distances. 3. Visit †continuous, content based correspondence in a virtual domain 4. Advanced Divide †the hole between those with customary, successful access to computerized advances and those without 5. Advanced Technology †hardware and PC gear utilized for reasonable and enlightening purposes 6. Learning Portal †any site that offers students and associations solidified access to taking in and preparing assets from different sources 7. Sight and sound †intuitive content, pictures, sounds, and shading 8. System †at least two PCs that are associated so clients can share records and gadgets 9. Online †a PC speaking with another PC 10. Internet (www) †a graphical Internet device that gives access to landing pages made by people, organizations, and different associations Statement of Hypothesis Researchers characterize the computerized separate as inconsistencies in innovation use and access in learning conditions dependent on ethnicity and financial status (Pearson and Swain, 2002). Educational systems and government programs gracefully innovation hardware and programming to United States’ schools in exertion to close the advanced gap. Almost every school is presently furnished with PCs, and more than 66% of our nation’s youngsters approach at home (Shields and Behrman, 2000). Equivalent access and gracefully can't close the advanced gap alone. Instructors need sufficient preparing on determination of innovation and joining of innovation. Educators, guardians, and understudies must become innovation proficient so as to close the advanced partition. Survey of Literature Advantages of Technology and Academic Performance The computerized partition impacts scholastic execution since constrained understudy access to innovation limits encounters and information important to succeed scholastically. PC based innovation adds to children’s scholastic accomplishment. Scientists partner having a home PC to better scholastic execution (Jackson et al. , 2006). Schools assume a basic job in giving access to PCs to understudies who don't have home PCs. Educators can profoundly affect the computerized separate via cautiously inspecting how and when innovation use is vital. Customary utilization of innovation in the homeroom straightforwardly adds to understudy accomplishment, both by making understudies progressively powerful in their learning and instructors increasingly proficient in their educating. Instructor training ought not concentrate on innovation alone, yet on its arrangement with the educational program. All together for this arrangement with the educational program to happen, more PCs must be accessible for understudies use. Innovation coordinated into the educational program increments students’ time on task and expands learning into the home, past the conventional school day (Shield and Behrman, 2000). Homerooms profit by the benefits of innovation if arranging is productive and compelling for a specific gathering of understudies. Understudies must comprehend that the utilization of innovation inside exercises bolsters efficiency. Innovation is an apparatus that understudies use for learning, look into, organizing, cooperation, broadcast communications, and critical thinking. Innovation exercises must be significant and drawing in for understudies to improve scholarly execution. Instructors can move understudy gaining from remembering answers to inquiries to realizing how to discover answers. Exercises that urge understudies to utilize innovation outside of the study hall, for example, utilizing the innovation lab, school media focus, or neighborhood open library get ready understudies for future instructive encounters. Utilizing innovation for scholastic assignments assumes a positive job in understudy accomplishment (Wenglinsky, 2005). On the off chance that understudies take an interest in true innovation upgraded exercises all the time, these exercises will offer understudies the help they have to become students that are increasingly capable and potentially limited the gap. Impediments of Technology and Academic Performance The level and nature of the understudy connections with innovation can confine the scholastic points of interest that innovation offers. Understudies must have the option to utilize PCs for more than web-surfing, visiting, game playing, and taking an interest in low-level reasoning exercises. Understudy collaborations with PCs must be quality communications that permit understudies to do investigate and make unique mixed media items. Albeit 99% of open study halls approach PCs, numerous understudies are not satisfying the innovation guidelines set by the National Educational Technology Standards (Morgan and VanLengen, 2005). While innovation opens understudies to exercises that permit them to utilize higher request thinking and critical thinking methods, they despite everything like to take part in non-scholarly exercises on the Internet. Becker (2000) states that â€Å"most understudy Internet exercises were recreational in nature â€, for example, email, visit rooms, online games, web surfing, and tuning in to music†. Numerous children’s exercises on the Internet have all the earmarks of being for diversion purposes rather than instructive purposes. While the Internet gives understudies access to a variety of instructive apparatuses, it additionally gives them access to non-scholastic material. Instructors frequently experience difficulty checking understudy utilization of proper sites, electronic mail messages, texts, and live talk rooms. Without cautious perception, understudies can undoubtedly utilize educational time to get to material that is wrong for youngsters and won't improve scholarly improvement. Regardless of whether instructors appropriately screen understudies, they may not profit by approaching PCs in the homeroom. Research by Lilia C. DiBello (2005) states that numerous educators have not been appropriately prepared to coordinate innovation in the study hall. While educators might be alright with exploring different sorts of programming, they regularly experience difficulty actualizing the innovation to fulfill innovation guidelines (DiBello, 2005). Educator planning programs currently require future instructors to take an innovation course as a graduation necessity. Be that as it may, innovation is quickly changing and educational systems offer not many open doors that permit educators to stay aware of the progressions present day innovation brings. At the point when educators are not willing and not set up to incorporate innovation into their homerooms, they frequently neglect to get ready understudies to perform legitimate assignments utilizing the PCs. Instructors frequently use PCs for low-level reasoning exercises, for example, drill and practice (Pearson and Swain, 2002). As indicated by Pearson and Swain (2002), understudies in high-neediness schools use PCs for drill and practice 35% of the time, instead of understudies in low-destitution schools, who utilized PCs for drill and practice 26% of the time. Schools who are beneath the neediness line are additionally more regularly to utilize PCs for healing purposes rather than higher request suspecting abilities. Educators infrequently instruct understudies to utilize the PCs to responds to addresses that they ask, look into points, or to plan sight and sound undertakings that harmonize with the subjects they have learned in the homeroom. Significance of Closing the Divide The computerized separate exists both quantitatively and subjectively. Gillan (2003) bolstered that quantitative holes exist in schools and families where there isn't sufficient access or time went through with innovation. Subjective holes allude to choice of suitable applications and quality preparing. Numerous examinations have made the inference that the key factor in shutting the computerized partition may not be get to alone. As years have passed, consideration moved away from who is associated with the subject of who is served. Consider that the upper-to-white collar classes are given top notch access to innovation since technologists are working diligently making â€Å"solutions† structured only for them. As indicated by Morgan and VanLengen (2005), generally prosperous

Public Transport free essay sample

Concurring with the explanation that open vehicle is less generally utilized on the planet than private vehicle because of certain causes which keep us from the utilization of open vehicle oftentimes. All out number of vehicles accessible in UK are expanding drastically from 1888 and it is assessed that by by200 there will be 29 millions vehicles on the British street. This enormous increment in vehicle use causes the decrease out in the open vehicle which is presently proposed as more effective than vehicles since they dont need increasingly prudent guide like vehicles and just 4% of absolute upkeep cost is required not normal for vehicles with 17% of all out universes riches is poured on its support. Vehicles expend over 5% of the compensation of an individual however it additionally gives protection and wellbeing from others and it likewise supportive in family outings and this sort of transport is a smidgen contamination free because of less utilization of fills or toxins than open vehicle. We will compose a custom article test on Open Transport or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page It very well may be run in awful climatic condition as well and in various scene, for example, sloping mountains were trains can't build up a decent system. Despite the fact that, vehicles are useful in keeping your excursion hidden however has risen prudent feelings of dread on the universal level. Its monetary need is expanding as the assortment of vehicles is expanding and it cost high measure of pay from the yearly financial plan internationally. Hence, this reality concerns us to get back with the open vehicle framework which need less measure of cash speculation and can be cut the monetary emergency coming on the planet by the private vehicle and ready to oversee financial improvement as well. Additionally, exchange types of transport like railways,roadways,metro prepares, or even bikes which are generally utilized in European nations can be empowered. There is an earnest need of a law that can control the overabundance utilization of vehicles however out the world. Along these lines, we can help ourselves from escaping this budgetary issues.

Strong Thesis Statement for a Research Paper

Strong Thesis Statement for a Research Paper Thesis Statement for a Research Paper The primary goal of writing any research paper is communication of ideas so, usually, research papers require developing a thesis statement which guides the readers through the expression of the writer’s ideas to help them understand what the writer is trying to communicate. Writing a good thesis statement might be a challenging task but it’s the key step in writing any research paper. To help you succeed in writing a good thesis, we have created this easy reference guide. Here we will explain what the thesis statement is and how to write a good thesis statement for a research paper. What is the thesis statement? It’s the sentence that makes an assertion about a paper’s topic and predicts how a topic of a research paper will be developed. It’s not just a simple announcement of a topic, your thesis should say something about the topic you are going to discuss in your paper. Any thesis makes a promise to the audience about the purpose, scope, and direction of a research paper. We should distinguish between a topic statement for research paper and a thesis statement. A topic statement is a sentence that presents the general subject of your research paper. Besides, there are topic sentences in paragraphs that tell readers what specific concepts will be discussed in each paragraph. Such sentences improve a research paper’s readability and organization. A strong thesis statement for research paper expresses a unifying theme â€" it may describe an idea, present an opinion or argument or provoke an analysis. Different types of papers require different forms of thesis statements. So we can distinguish among analytical thesis statement, expository thesis statement, and argumentative thesis statement. Most college research papers are argumentative which means they make the claims about certain topics and support these claims with specific evidence. What makes a strong thesis statement for argumentative research paper? There are four key features. It is focused and not too broad It picks a side It is debatable It makes claims that have to be supported in your research paper How to Create a Thesis Statement for a Research Paper Creating a thesis statement for a research paper is a very important step in the writing process. The thesis statement describes a point of view that you are going to express or prove in your research paper with supporting evidence. You should create a thesis statement for your research paper before you actually start your research because being a controlling idea for your paper, it will help you select the relevant sources that you will use and will limit the scope of your note taking. You should create your thesis statement carefully because it is the key to success of your whole research paper. How can you develop a good thesis statement? Why is it so challenging? A thesis statement is the result of a long thinking process and careful analysis after you have done preliminary research. Creating a thesis statement is not the first thing you can do after you have read your writing assignment. You need to work hard before you can develop an argument on your topic. First, you have to collect and organize information on your topic, seek for possible connections between known facts and think how important these relationships are. At first, you can develop a working thesis, that is a basic main idea or an argument that you think you will be able to support with convincing evidence in your research paper. You may need to revise your working thesis as you complete your research paper because you can change your topic as you write, so you should rewrite your thesis statement to ensure that it reflects the ideas that you have discussed in your research paper. You can develop your thesis statement for a research paper when following these steps: Write the topic and the key ideas of your research paper in a point form Write in a free form the most important conclusion or your thoughts about research paper Try to find connections between the points and emphasize effects, results, and causes. Answer the question: ‘Why did you write this research paper?’ Combine these ideas into a statement and write one or two sentences Are you still not sure about how to write a strong thesis statement for a research paper and need advice or professional help with any other issue? Hire a qualified writer on our custom paper writing service to write a model research paper on your topic. Our experienced writers can create impressive well-written sample papers on the most challenging research topics that can serve you as useful practical guides to understand the paper structure and master the complexities of academic writing. We will help you save time, feel confident and boost your performance in college.

A Marketing and Communication Plan for All Saints - 2750 Words

A Marketing and Communication Plan for All Saints (Research Paper Sample) Content: A Marketing and Communication Plan for All Saints[Name of Student][Name of Institution][Date]All Saints- An IntroductionAll Saints has initiated its business in the year 1994. Initially, it was just a brand for men; wholesaling its products to Harrods, Harvey Nichols and Barneys Japan and New York. On the 1st of November, 1997, they had opened their very first distinct store at the Fouberts Place. The store displayed the complete collection of the menswear. In the year 1998, All Saints has also launched their brands for women. Now, All Saints has established a portfolio of fifty stores in the United Kingdom, seventeen in the Europe and five stores in the United States of America CITATION Sam14 \l 1033 (Zalaznick, n.d.).From its very beginning, All Saints possesses an extended standing background of cooperating with and promoting the music industry cream. Stereophonics, U2, Kings of Leon and Kelis were among the foremost artists who have worked with the All Saints bra nd CITATION ALL14 \l 1033 (Anon., 2014).Brand HealthAll Saints possesses extraordinary brand awareness. The customers who are familiar with the All Saints brands immediately recognize their products whenever they spot them, even if the products are not in the All Saints store (Hulbert, Capon and Piercy 2005). For instance, All Saints is enormously famous for its fabulous and unique coats. So if a person owns a coat of All Saints, then that person receives several compliments and a large number of people identify and appreciate it as an All Saints coat; when that individual wears it.Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 1: ALL SAINTS COAT CITATION All141 \l 1033 (Anon., n.d.)All Saints primarily emphasizes upon connecting its brands with the famous personalities on their personal platforms CITATION Jul10 \l 1033 (Finch, 2010). The All Saints brand is commonly perceived as a more autonomous, almost the distributor of dark fashion; and the brand has also been connected with operating in the unusual direction when compared to the other brands. But this should not be taken as a negative comment, but rather a perception of All Saints as a reckless and a pioneer symbol in the backdated fashion ambience.SWOT Analysis of the All SaintsStrengthsThe major strength of All Saints is that the brand is not at all led by any sorts of trends. The identity of the brand is evidently strong and clear. The garments produced by All Saints are of real high quality and they possess remarkable style. There are also a lot of short films which are associated with the All Saints brand in an excellent manner CITATION GIR10 \l 1033 (Anon., 2010). The brand is being run digitally and there are no television advertisements or posters. The All Saints people highly emphasize upon social networking and the page of YouTube contains all of the All Saints music sessions, films and campaigns.WeaknessesThe brand of All Saints is facing some sort of financial problems. Moreover, they have got restricted r ange of brands like there is no range of sleepwear, underwear, home wear, tall/ petite. As they are promoting their brand only in a digital way, so this factor is restricting the brand audience. Considering all the renowned brands, All Saints has made an enormous budget cut in its advertising too.OpportunitiesAll Saints can do vigorous advertising for the ranges of product other than the womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s and the menà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s wear like toiletries, fragrances and home furnishings CITATION RUT10 \l 1033 (FERLA, 2010). All Saints can also spread out and can do a television advertisement by making use of one of its distinctive short films upon fashion. All Saints can also advance further in the market and can offer the intimate wears too.ThreatsWith the passage of time, the All Saints customers are getting aged but it is just aiming towards those customers who are in their twenties. This practice can obstruct their sales. So ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s high time for All Saints to serve both the ages. All Saints is also fighting hard against the brands like Topshop and Zara who are offering the similar sort of high street brands on much cheaper rates. Further, there is a rise in the product costs for All Saints, which could result in the lost of the customers for it.Competitor Analysis for All SaintsZara and Topshop are the major competitors of All Saints in both the UK and the USA market.Zara is the Spanish clothing brand established in 1975. It is one of the biggest retailers of fashion and the prime selling brand. From the year 1975 to the year 2014, Zara has expanded its line of stores and now it owns more than fifteen thousand and forty stores across the world. This demonstrates the acceptability and privilege Zara has received from the masses CITATION Mar12 \l 1033 (Tungate, 2012).Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 2: ZARA CITATION Zar14 \l 1033 (Anon., 2014)Topshop is being considered as an idol of the British style and it is being loved by the celebrities and the studen ts alike. In recent times, this fashion chain owns four hundred and forty stores on an international basis, having three hundred stores in the Britain alone. Topshop also ships to more than one hundred countries CITATION Hei10 \l 1033 (Heinemann Schwarzl, 2010).Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 3: TOPSHOP CITATION Top14 \l 1033 (Anon., n.d.)Zara and Topshop are strong competitors of All Saints because they also possess a really powerful brand image communicated by means of easily identifiable logos. Zara and Topshop compete sharply with All Saints regarding the sales of accessories as well as the garments. However, Zara and Topshop are not facing any sort of financial problems like All Saints. This factor is providing an edge to them upon the All Saints.All Saints- Vision and ObjectivesThe vision of All Saints is being communicated with the help of their mission statement, i.e. to produce a brand that mingles fashion and music into a vigorous formula of attractive clothing that exhibi ts attitude and individuality. All Saints penetrates by means of its strategy regarding social media, the design of their stores, e- commerce and the selection of their designs. Over the years, All Saints has been successful in creating a unique identification for itself amid the style aware shoppers as a novel stop for the fashion being led by the designs that never chase the trends.Brand essence (emotional functional values, personality)The brand essence of All Saints products is the distinctiveness from its competitors and decent look that it provides to the consumers. This has created its customers to have emotional attachment with the brand and shows loyalty. However, the functional values that the brand offers is affordable apparel with continuous engagement with both men and women wear. Besides this, the personality of the brand is luxury products that it offers to its customers.All Saints- Positioning and Customer SegmentationThe name of All Saints has become compatible wit h the cutting edge trend for those having the fashion sense. They direct towards the style conscious and trendy niche. All Saints has chosen a unique attitude for their retail, online and marketing strategies with a target statistics of 18- 35.All Saints has chosen gender distribution in their attitude to the social media and they always post individually about the menswear and the womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s wear CITATION All10 \l 1033 (Anon., 2010). They have driven successful participation from both the women and the men on an equal basis. All Saints target women with the posts regarding fashionable and trendy collections and men with the music posts. Through this approach they have developed a devoted fan base. All Saints evidently provides a fascinating example of the fact that in what ways companies can sensibly grasp the most productive ways in order to gain participation from their customers CITATION All14 \l 1033 (Anon., 2014). Their site of e- commerce, their retail concepts, camp aigns of the social media, music service and an extreme focus on the autonomous fashion have helped All Saints in securing its place as a truly genuine and a financially feasible brand of the recent times.PEST analysisThe following is the PEST analysis of All Saints:Political factorsAmong others, one big political concern is the misuse of low-priced labour that are available in third world or developing countries as the price competition, globalised trading, international competition to expand geographically have increased importance of labour chain (Pride and Ferrell 2004). For this, many campaigns are being held for international regulation, child labour and workersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ rights. Moreover, the European Union has also set legislations and restrictions to protect workerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s rights (Debelak 2000). Thus, All Saints has to consider all these issues while operating and expanding in European Union countries. Besides this, the company also follows all the laws and regulations while operating in UK (Aaker 2012).Economic factorsAll Saints also consider various economic factors as these have large impact on the business operations. In UK, the increase in VAT and shift towards off-shoring of the domestic production has affected the economy (Gronlund 2013). In addition, the decline of domestic manufacturing has left consumers with few choices of high priced products. This has affected the buyerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s decision to purchase products (Baker 2012). Although, All Saints products are affordable, but overall impact of economic factors could affect its business in UK. Besides this, the recession of 2007 still has impact on the economy of UK that has affected the demand and consumption of apparel and other accessories.Social factorsDifferent social factors also have an impact on the business operations (Cheverton 2005). Many... A Marketing and Communication Plan for All Saints - 2750 Words A Marketing and Communication Plan for All Saints (Research Paper Sample) Content: A Marketing and Communication Plan for All Saints[Name of Student][Name of Institution][Date]All Saints- An IntroductionAll Saints has initiated its business in the year 1994. Initially, it was just a brand for men; wholesaling its products to Harrods, Harvey Nichols and Barneys Japan and New York. On the 1st of November, 1997, they had opened their very first distinct store at the Fouberts Place. The store displayed the complete collection of the menswear. In the year 1998, All Saints has also launched their brands for women. Now, All Saints has established a portfolio of fifty stores in the United Kingdom, seventeen in the Europe and five stores in the United States of America CITATION Sam14 \l 1033 (Zalaznick, n.d.).From its very beginning, All Saints possesses an extended standing background of cooperating with and promoting the music industry cream. Stereophonics, U2, Kings of Leon and Kelis were among the foremost artists who have worked with the All Saints bra nd CITATION ALL14 \l 1033 (Anon., 2014).Brand HealthAll Saints possesses extraordinary brand awareness. The customers who are familiar with the All Saints brands immediately recognize their products whenever they spot them, even if the products are not in the All Saints store (Hulbert, Capon and Piercy 2005). For instance, All Saints is enormously famous for its fabulous and unique coats. So if a person owns a coat of All Saints, then that person receives several compliments and a large number of people identify and appreciate it as an All Saints coat; when that individual wears it.Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 1: ALL SAINTS COAT CITATION All141 \l 1033 (Anon., n.d.)All Saints primarily emphasizes upon connecting its brands with the famous personalities on their personal platforms CITATION Jul10 \l 1033 (Finch, 2010). The All Saints brand is commonly perceived as a more autonomous, almost the distributor of dark fashion; and the brand has also been connected with operating in the unusual direction when compared to the other brands. But this should not be taken as a negative comment, but rather a perception of All Saints as a reckless and a pioneer symbol in the backdated fashion ambience.SWOT Analysis of the All SaintsStrengthsThe major strength of All Saints is that the brand is not at all led by any sorts of trends. The identity of the brand is evidently strong and clear. The garments produced by All Saints are of real high quality and they possess remarkable style. There are also a lot of short films which are associated with the All Saints brand in an excellent manner CITATION GIR10 \l 1033 (Anon., 2010). The brand is being run digitally and there are no television advertisements or posters. The All Saints people highly emphasize upon social networking and the page of YouTube contains all of the All Saints music sessions, films and campaigns.WeaknessesThe brand of All Saints is facing some sort of financial problems. Moreover, they have got restricted r ange of brands like there is no range of sleepwear, underwear, home wear, tall/ petite. As they are promoting their brand only in a digital way, so this factor is restricting the brand audience. Considering all the renowned brands, All Saints has made an enormous budget cut in its advertising too.OpportunitiesAll Saints can do vigorous advertising for the ranges of product other than the womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s and the menà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s wear like toiletries, fragrances and home furnishings CITATION RUT10 \l 1033 (FERLA, 2010). All Saints can also spread out and can do a television advertisement by making use of one of its distinctive short films upon fashion. All Saints can also advance further in the market and can offer the intimate wears too.ThreatsWith the passage of time, the All Saints customers are getting aged but it is just aiming towards those customers who are in their twenties. This practice can obstruct their sales. So ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s high time for All Saints to serve both the ages. All Saints is also fighting hard against the brands like Topshop and Zara who are offering the similar sort of high street brands on much cheaper rates. Further, there is a rise in the product costs for All Saints, which could result in the lost of the customers for it.Competitor Analysis for All SaintsZara and Topshop are the major competitors of All Saints in both the UK and the USA market.Zara is the Spanish clothing brand established in 1975. It is one of the biggest retailers of fashion and the prime selling brand. From the year 1975 to the year 2014, Zara has expanded its line of stores and now it owns more than fifteen thousand and forty stores across the world. This demonstrates the acceptability and privilege Zara has received from the masses CITATION Mar12 \l 1033 (Tungate, 2012).Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 2: ZARA CITATION Zar14 \l 1033 (Anon., 2014)Topshop is being considered as an idol of the British style and it is being loved by the celebrities and the studen ts alike. In recent times, this fashion chain owns four hundred and forty stores on an international basis, having three hundred stores in the Britain alone. Topshop also ships to more than one hundred countries CITATION Hei10 \l 1033 (Heinemann Schwarzl, 2010).Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 3: TOPSHOP CITATION Top14 \l 1033 (Anon., n.d.)Zara and Topshop are strong competitors of All Saints because they also possess a really powerful brand image communicated by means of easily identifiable logos. Zara and Topshop compete sharply with All Saints regarding the sales of accessories as well as the garments. However, Zara and Topshop are not facing any sort of financial problems like All Saints. This factor is providing an edge to them upon the All Saints.All Saints- Vision and ObjectivesThe vision of All Saints is being communicated with the help of their mission statement, i.e. to produce a brand that mingles fashion and music into a vigorous formula of attractive clothing that exhibi ts attitude and individuality. All Saints penetrates by means of its strategy regarding social media, the design of their stores, e- commerce and the selection of their designs. Over the years, All Saints has been successful in creating a unique identification for itself amid the style aware shoppers as a novel stop for the fashion being led by the designs that never chase the trends.Brand essence (emotional functional values, personality)The brand essence of All Saints products is the distinctiveness from its competitors and decent look that it provides to the consumers. This has created its customers to have emotional attachment with the brand and shows loyalty. However, the functional values that the brand offers is affordable apparel with continuous engagement with both men and women wear. Besides this, the personality of the brand is luxury products that it offers to its customers.All Saints- Positioning and Customer SegmentationThe name of All Saints has become compatible wit h the cutting edge trend for those having the fashion sense. They direct towards the style conscious and trendy niche. All Saints has chosen a unique attitude for their retail, online and marketing strategies with a target statistics of 18- 35.All Saints has chosen gender distribution in their attitude to the social media and they always post individually about the menswear and the womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s wear CITATION All10 \l 1033 (Anon., 2010). They have driven successful participation from both the women and the men on an equal basis. All Saints target women with the posts regarding fashionable and trendy collections and men with the music posts. Through this approach they have developed a devoted fan base. All Saints evidently provides a fascinating example of the fact that in what ways companies can sensibly grasp the most productive ways in order to gain participation from their customers CITATION All14 \l 1033 (Anon., 2014). Their site of e- commerce, their retail concepts, camp aigns of the social media, music service and an extreme focus on the autonomous fashion have helped All Saints in securing its place as a truly genuine and a financially feasible brand of the recent times.PEST analysisThe following is the PEST analysis of All Saints:Political factorsAmong others, one big political concern is the misuse of low-priced labour that are available in third world or developing countries as the price competition, globalised trading, international competition to expand geographically have increased importance of labour chain (Pride and Ferrell 2004). For this, many campaigns are being held for international regulation, child labour and workersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ rights. Moreover, the European Union has also set legislations and restrictions to protect workerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s rights (Debelak 2000). Thus, All Saints has to consider all these issues while operating and expanding in European Union countries. Besides this, the company also follows all the laws and regulations while operating in UK (Aaker 2012).Economic factorsAll Saints also consider various economic factors as these have large impact on the business operations. In UK, the increase in VAT and shift towards off-shoring of the domestic production has affected the economy (Gronlund 2013). In addition, the decline of domestic manufacturing has left consumers with few choices of high priced products. This has affected the buyerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s decision to purchase products (Baker 2012). Although, All Saints products are affordable, but overall impact of economic factors could affect its business in UK. Besides this, the recession of 2007 still has impact on the economy of UK that has affected the demand and consumption of apparel and other accessories.Social factorsDifferent social factors also have an impact on the business operations (Cheverton 2005). Many...